Micro-insurance helps poor families cope in Asia, Africa and Latin America

According to the World Health Organization, 100 million people are thrust below the poverty line as a result of illness. Another 150 million must spend nearly half their incomes on medical expenses. A new innovation, in the form of micro-insurance schemes for the poor, may bring relief to thousands of similar people in Asia, Africa and Latin America.

In India, the German insurer, Allianz, has issued more than 42,000 individual micro-insurance policies in Tamil Nadu. In Uganda, the non-profit organization, FINCA International, provides life and disability insurance under a partnership with the American International Group (AIG). In Bangladesh, the NGO, Gonosasthya Kendra (GKHI), provides comprehensive health care services including health insurance to over 35,000 households.

In Benin, the Community Owned Health Insurance Plan (COHI) is a member-run plan that uses local health-care providers to deliver services to its members, supported by Centre Internationale de Développement et de Recherché (CIDR). In Nicaragua, the MFI, Asociación de Consultores para el Desarrollo de la Pequeña, Mediana y Micro Empresa (ACODEP), provides life insurance to around 16,000 clients via a partnership with INISER, a local insurer.

These schemes help families confront unexpected health care or life calamities, through a variety of models of approach. Micro-health insurance schemes can be initiated, attached to, or marketed through NGOs, projects, health units, Ministry of Health, health providers, microfinance initiatives, or insurance companies. Provider-based microfinance schemes typically serve a minimum of 5,000 customers, preferably under one group contract, with the individual sharing in the cost of pre-payment in the form of premiums. Self-managed group schemes operate out of a savings pool, with contributions and payouts pre-determined by the community. An intermediary, such as an NGO, acts as administrative agent and facilitator between the individual and the health care service provider.

In the case of Allianz in India, families of an individual paying US 87 cents per year are entitled to a payout of 350 euros in the event of unexpected or natural death. Allianz is able to offer this product via a partnership with the Indian insurer, Bajaj Allianz and Activists for Social Alternatives (ASA), a locally based NGO. ASA handles outreach and education through community participation, and through its very involvement creates an essential level of community trust in the program.

As with any insurance scheme, micro-insurance is not devoid of risk. But the risks associated with not offering this type of safety net - turning our backs on a system with the potential to disrupt the cycle of poverty - are too high. 

This story is adapted from an article included in the November 2006 edition of Development Challenges, South-South Solutions, the e-newsletter of the Special Unit for South-South Cooperation of UNDP. Email.

 


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